Concord Township.

Bread." The court, however, declined to grant him the privilege desired.

In 1785, William Underwood was licensed to keep public-house in Concord. In 1786, Samuel Johnson, Alexander Lockart, and Caleb Taylor received the court's approval. The latter, in 1788, had the privilege continued to him.

In 1748, Nathaniel Newlin was granted license for his house "near several great roads," and it was continued to him until 1776, excepting during the years 1757-59, when William Smith seems to have been the landlord, and in 1760 no names appear of record. License may have been, but probably was not, denied to Newlin during that period. This house was on the Wilmington and Great Valley road, near where the Naaman's Creek road crosses the former highway, now Johnson's Corners. From 1776 to 1782 there is no record respecting license in Concord; in fact, the tracing of successive landlords for public-houses in that township is more difficult than in any other in our county, Ridley and Lower Chichester not excepted. In 1782, Amos Mendenhall had license; in 1774, John Burnett; and from 1758 to 1788, Thomas Maddock, when I lose trace of this house. In 1791, however, John Fred appears to have been landlord of Newlin's Tavern, and in 1800, James Jeffries kept the house, to yield it, in 1806, to John Hickman. In 1810, Charles Hughes had license for The Three Tuns (a favorite name for inns at that day), and Nathaniel Newlin superseded Hughes in 1814, and continued as "mine host" there only one year, when, in 1814, Thomas Smith took his place for a season as the landlord of the old house. After that year the owner declined to have it longer licensed as a tavern.

Moses Bullock, Jr., in his application for the year 1815, says that the noted tavern, The Three Tuns, the property of Nathaniel Newlin, is about "to Drop, and your petitioner has lately erected a convenient House for Business on the same road leading from the Borough of Wilmington to Great Valley, about half a mile from the former stand, and a tavern will be badly wanted in said neighborhood." Bullock's Tavern, - for his application was allowed, - we learn from the remonstrance against James Smith, was located on the Wilmington road, about a quarter of a mile above Elam. It was known as the Buck, and he was licensed annually thereafter until 1832, when as a public inn it disappears from the records.

In 1783, Joshua Vernon had leave to keep a tavern known as The Blue Ball, at which house he was superseded, in 1787, by James Oliver, who had license only for that year, while Joshua Vernon received the privilege to keep an inn at a house located on the Concord road a short distance beyond Chelsea. The ancient hostelry, well known as the Cross-Keys, no longer as a public-house, is now owned by Michael McGinnis. In 1789, the last year the justices of Chester County granted license for the territory now comprising Delaware County, Joshua Vernon was the only person in Concord to whom the judges show partiality. Under the new order of things, at the first court held at Chester, after the division, he received license, and was continued yearly to be favored until 1796, when James Jeffries succeeded him at the CrossKeys. The latter was the landlord until 1799, when Ann Vernon had the license, and in 1800, George Mattson followed her. Thomas Ring had the house in 1802; Samuel Chapman was there in 1805, and the next year he gave place to Jonathan Paul, Jr., who, in 1807, was succeeded by Amos Waddell. In 1809, Curtis Jeffries was "mine host," but he surrendered the honors to Amos Waddell the next year, and the latter, in 1811, to Peter Harper. In 1812, James Marshall took the responsibility of the Cross-Keys on himself, and sustained them during the second disagreement with England, and for three years after the cruel war was over, when, in 1818, David Howes succeeded him, to be superseded the neat year by William Baldwin. The latter remained there for eight years, until 1828, when Reece Pyle had license for the inn, and in 1833 Nathaniel Stevens became the last landlord of the Cross-Keys of Concord, for after 1836 it disappears from the list.

In 1817, Joseph Hannum petitioned court for license to keep a public house of entertainment on the West Chester and Concord road, although it would have been more accurate had he said on Concord road, for the White Horse Inn was located on the latter highway, a short mile above Chelsea. The old building, partly of logs and partly of stone, recently the property of Robert M. Smith and now owned by J. & J. Darlington, still stands. He was successful in his application, and he received the court's favor annually thereafter until 1837, when it ceased to be a tavern. During all the time it was a licensed house, the electors of Concord, Birmingham, Bethel, and that part of Thornbury lying west of a public road, from Street road by the shops and continuing by the house of Jacob Parks, to the road dividing the townships of Concord and Thornbury (in 1823), all voted at this inn, while in 1830 the second election district of Delaware County, comprising Concord, Birmingham, Bethel, and Thornbury, had their polling-place at the White Horse, and continued annually to be held there until and including 1837, when a tavern at that place was discontinued.

On Jan. 15, 1819, James Smith, the owner and occupier of the premises at the intersection of the roads leading from Wilmington to West Chester, and from Brandywine to New London Turnpike road, states in his petition that he is desirous of keeping a public-house at that location, and to that end has improved his property and provided himself with buildings and other things necessary and convenient for that business. On Jan. 18, 1819, a remonstrance from the inhabitants of Concord and Birmingham sets forth that the signers "have heard with much consurn that James Smith has petitioned your honours to grant him